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the visions of Ezekiel and John, God's Glory and While the Ox, the emblem of Israel's third Brigade,
Throne had around and facing it the standards of the is not as widely used today as the others, nevertheless
four Camps of Israel on which were the likenesses of it still appears in the Arms of some sections of the
the four living creatures, a Lion, a Man, an Ox and an Celto-Saxon people. In thinking of this we should not
Eagle. overlook the fact that, during the great north-western
migration of the Saxon tribes across Europe in the
Where then do we find a people or a group of re- centuries just before and just after the beginning of the
lated peoples, the various sections of which have and Christian Era, an Ox or Bull's Head was one of their
use one or more of these four emblems today? In chief emblems. This was especially so of those in the
seeking an answer to this question, we need only a northern wing of this migration, whose descendants,
glance at the heraldic emblems of the Celto-Saxon the Norsemen or Vikings, customarily wore a head-
peoples and nations to see that a Lion, a Man, an Ox dress or heavy cap adorned with the two horns of an Ox
and an Eagle hold a very important, and often dominant, or Bull. Another interesting bit of evidence is to be
place among seen in the use
their emblems. of the words
"John Bull" as a
Thus, the Lion nickname for
is everywhere England and
recognized as the English. In
the symbol of this we have
Britain. It may what is evi-
be shown as dently a racial
couchant, pas- memory of an
sant, rampant, ancient use of
rampant and the Ox or Bull
crowned, and also rampant and red in colour. In one emblem by the ancestors of some of the English
or another of these forms it appears on the Royal Stan- people.
dard, in the Royal Arms and in the national Arms of
England, Scotland and Northern Ireland. It also appears The outstanding example of the use of the Eagle, the
in the Arms of hundreds of other places and people in emblem of Israel's fourth Brigade, as an emblem of the
Britain: counties, cities, towns, families and clans. Celto-Saxon people today, is of course as the central
and dominant figure in the national Arms of the United
Yet a Lion is not exclusively a British emblem. It States. Perhaps here we should note that the Eagle of
also appears in the national Arms of Norway, Sweden, the Israelitish Brigade of Dan and of the United States
Finland, Denmark, the Netherlands, Belgium and Lux- is a natural one.
embourg, and also in many of their provincial, city,
municipal and family Arms. This is especially true of The Priesthood and civil Service:
the Netherlands where, in addition to being the chief
feature of the national Arms, it also appears either on In the Bible record of the organization of the Israel
the shield or as a supporter in the Arms of ten of the people into a nation, we read that the tribe of Levi was
eleven provinces and in more than 250 other chosen for a special purpose. They were to be priests
municipalities. and the civil servants to the nation. They were not given
a province of their own, as the other tribes were: for
A Man, the emblem of Israel's second Brigade, is their duties required that they live and work among the
also an important emblem of the Celto-Saxon people. people of all the tribes. Further, they were not required
It has a very important place in the national Arms of to perform military service. Consequently, though re-
Denmark, Greece and Iceland. In Sweden it is the em- taining their tribal identity for ordinary purposes, they
blem of the Province of Lapland, and in Denmark it is a were not considered as one of the twelve tribes of
feature of the municipal Arms of Odense, Hobra, Al- Israel.
estrup, Nyborg and Kobenhavn as already mentioned.
Nevertheless, having duties to perform, as well as
considerable authority which they would have to exer-
cise at times, they would, of necessity, require some
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